This detailed review evaluates the potential effects of various supplements—NMN, Spermidine, TMG, Fish Oil, Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK Leptomyces), Oyster Extract, and Urolithin A—on benign nodules (e.g., thyroid, breast, lung) and polyps (e.g., gastric, intestinal). The data are derived from mechanistic studies, clinical trials, and preclinical models. While direct research on benign nodules or polyps is sparse, insights from related studies help infer potential impacts.
1. NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
Mechanism of Action
- NMN is a precursor to NAD+, a coenzyme essential for cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling. It is heavily involved in anti-aging pathways and mitochondrial function.
- NMN has been shown to promote ferroptosis (a form of regulated cell death) in cancer cells via the SIRT1–AMPK–ACC pathway[2]. This raises questions about its effects on cellular growth in benign conditions.
Clinical Data
- No direct clinical trials have investigated NMN's effects on benign nodules or polyps.
- Preclinical studies show that high-dose NMN can suppress lung adenocarcinoma growth by inducing ferroptosis[2]. However, these findings are specific to malignant cells and may not translate to benign growths.
Potential Risks
- The promotion of ferroptosis in cancer cells suggests that NMN could theoretically influence cell death pathways in other types of abnormal growths. However, no evidence suggests a direct impact on benign nodules or polyps.
Customer Summary
NMN supports cellular health and energy metabolism but has not been studied specifically for benign nodules or polyps. While it shows promise in cancer research, there’s no evidence suggesting it affects benign growths. Consult your healthcare provider before use.
2. Spermidine
Mechanism of Action
- Spermidine is a polyamine that promotes autophagy (cellular recycling) and has anti-inflammatory properties[5]. It is involved in cellular growth regulation and may protect against age-related diseases.
Clinical Data
- No clinical trials have directly evaluated spermidine's effect on benign nodules or polyps.
- Preclinical studies suggest spermidine reduces tumorigenesis in colon cancer models by modulating gut inflammation and microbiota[5].